Reports and Surveys | June 12, 2025

Multiemployer Plan Survey: Zone Status Mostly Unchanged

In 2024, multiemployer pension plans, like most investors, experienced steady investment gains. Further, a growing number of plans have received Special Financial Assistance (SFA) under the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA).

Our 2025 survey of calendar-year plans found the percentage of plans in the green zone is 76 percent, up slightly from 75 percent one year earlier.

Ten percent of plans surveyed have received SFA.

The average funded percentage for determining zone status under the Pension Protection Act of 2006 (PPA), which is based on the actuarial value of assets and typically smooths investment gains and losses over five years, is 106 percent, up from 104 percent, excluding plans eligible for SFA.

The survey includes the most current data available from “zone-status” certifications of 181 calendar-year plans that were filed by March 31, 2025 — not estimates or projections of zone status. As a group, these multiemployer pension plans have more than $185 billion in assets and provide benefits to just over 2.7 million participants and beneficiaries.

 

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Multiemployer Plan Survey Zone Status Mostly Unchanged

The survey presents many more statistics about multiemployer pension plans, including information for these industries: construction, entertainment, manufacturing, retail and food, service and transportation.

What you’ll find in the 2025 survey

You’ll learn:

  • The range of annual investment returns, grouped by percentiles, from 2021 through 2024
  • How zone status has changed from 2021 to 2025
  • Changes in market value and PPA funded percentages due to investment returns
  • The impact of asset smoothing on the PPA funded percentage
  • The effect of SFA on average funded percentages
  • The relationship between PPA funded percentage and zone status
  • The importance of monitoring plan maturity, which can be evaluated through metrics such as the “burn rate” or the ratio of inactive participants to active participants
  • How plan maturity and zone status vary by industry
  • The percentage of plans in the survey in the green zone that improved benefits in 2024 and the type of improvement
  • Looking ahead, what changes we can expect and how plans can mitigate risks

Trustees: Use the survey for benchmarking and insights about plan management

For trustees of multiemployer pension funds, there’s no greater challenge than navigating your plan through volatile periods. Knowing the details of how similarly situated plans have performed can provide a benchmark for your own plan’s performance.

The survey data, combined with the insight we’ve developed from decades of working with multiemployer pension plans, makes this annual report an invaluable tool for trustees. A plan’s direction and ability to withstand adverse experience is as important as its current zone status.

Seeking trusted advice?

We understand multiemployer plans, having worked with hundreds of them for decades. That experience helps us provide innovative, cost-effective solutions to the challenges funds face. Our unbiased, objective advice allows funds to make decisions in the broader context of other multiemployer plans. Moreover, our ability to aggregate multiemployer data from our extensive client base enables us to determine trends and offer timely advice on emerging developments.

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This page is for informational purposes only and does not constitute legal, tax or investment advice. You are encouraged to discuss the issues raised here with your legal, tax and other advisors before determining how the issues apply to your specific situations.